In which way of knowing is the concept of "self-actualization" central?

Self-actualization is primarily associated with personal knowing, as it relates to an individual's journey toward realizing their full potential and understanding themselves on a deeper level. Personal knowing emphasizes the transformative experiences, inner growth, and reflective processes that contribute to a person's self-awareness and identity. In the context of holistic nursing, this concept highlights the importance of embracing one's own experiences, feelings, and thoughts as part of the healing process.

In essence, personal knowing fosters a deep connection to oneself, which is essential for achieving self-actualization. The focus here is on subjective experiences and the intrinsic motivation to grow, learn, and become the best version of oneself, aligning beautifully with the holistic approach to care. This perspective supports not only the nurse's journey toward professional growth but also encourages patients to engage in their own self-exploration and healing.

The other ways of knowing, while valuable in their own right, do not center around the personal journey of self-discovery and fulfillment that self-actualization embodies. Empirical knowing is more about data and scientific evidence, ethical knowing revolves around moral and ethical considerations, and aesthetic knowing pertains to the appreciation of beauty and art in experiences.